SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Gualda,L.B.; Martins,G.G.; Müller,B.; Guimarães,F.S.; Oliveira,R.M.W..

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is the origin of ascending serotonergic projections and is considered to be an important component of the brain circuit that mediates anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. A large fraction of DRN serotonin-positive neurons contain nitric oxide (NO). Disruption of NO-mediated neurotransmission in the DRN by NO synthase inhibitors produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in rats and also induces nonspecific interference with locomotor activity. We investigated the involvement of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor in the locomotor effects induced by NO in the DRN of male Wistar rats (280-310 g, N = 9-10 per group). The NO donor 3-morpholinosylnomine hydrochloride (SIN-1, 150, and 300 nmol) and the NO scavenger...

Accuracy of dose planning for prostate radiotherapy in the presence of metallic implants evaluated by electron spin resonance dosimetry

Palavras-chave: Dorsal raphe nucleus; Nitric oxide; Serotonin; 5-HT1A receptor; Locomotor activity.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000400010

Alves,G.G.; Kinoshita,A.; Oliveira,H.F. de; Guimarães,F.S.; Amaral,L.L.; Baffa,O..

Radiotherapy is one of the main approaches to cure prostate cancer, and its success depends on the accuracy of dose planning. A complicating factor is the presence of a metallic prosthesis in the femur and pelvis, which is becoming more common in elderly populations. The goal of this work was to perform dose measurements to check the accuracy of radiotherapy treatment planning under these complicated conditions. To accomplish this, a scale phantom of an adult pelvic region was used with alanine dosimeters inserted in the prostate region. This phantom was irradiated according to the planned treatment under the following three conditions: with two metallic prostheses in the region of the femur head, with only one prosthesis, and without any prostheses. The...

Anxiolytic effect of methylene blue microinjected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter

Palavras-chave: Alanine electron spin resonance dosimetry; Prostate; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Treatment-planning system; Inhomogeneity correction.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2015000700644

de-Oliveira,R.W.; Guimarães,F.S..

The dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) has been implicated in the behavioral and autonomic expression of defensive reactions. Several results suggest that, along with GABA, glutamate and serotonin, nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in defense reactions mediated by this region. To further investigate this possibility we microinjected methylene blue (MB; 10, 30 or 100 nmol/0.5 µl) into the DPAG of rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze test, an animal model of anxiety. MB has been used as an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to demonstrate cGMP-mediated processes, and there is evidence that NO may exert its biological effects by binding to the heme part of guanylate cyclase, causing an increase in cGMP levels. The results showed that MB (30 nmol)...

Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug

Palavras-chave: Anxiety; Elevated plus-maze; Nitric oxide; Animal model.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999001200012

Zuardi,A.W.; Crippa,J.A.S.; Hallak,J.E.C.; Moreira,F.A.; Guimarães,F.S..

A high dose of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main Cannabis sativa (cannabis) component, induces anxiety and psychotic-like symptoms in healthy volunteers. These effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are significantly reduced by cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabis constituent which is devoid of the typical effects of the plant. This observation led us to suspect that CBD could have anxiolytic and/or antipsychotic actions. Studies in animal models and in healthy volunteers clearly suggest an anxiolytic-like effect of CBD. The antipsychotic-like properties of CBD have been investigated in animal models using behavioral and neurochemical techniques which suggested that CBD has a pharmacological profile similar to that of atypical antipsychotic drugs. The results...

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables as predictors of long-term outcome in thoracic sarcoidosis

Palavras-chave: Cannabidiol; D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; Cannabinoid; Anxiety; Antipsychotic; Schizophrenia.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2006000400001

Lopes,A.J.; Menezes,S.L.S.; Dias,C.M.; Oliveira,J.F.; Mainenti,M.R.M.; Guimarães,F.S..

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) plays an important role in the assessment of functional capacity in patients with interstitial lung disease. The aim of this study was to identify CPET measures that might be helpful in predicting the vital capacity and diffusion capacity outcomes of patients with thoracic sarcoidosis. A longitudinal study was conducted on 42 nonsmoking patients with thoracic sarcoidosis (median age = 46.5 years, 22 females). At the first evaluation, spirometry, the measurement of single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D LCOsb) and CPET were performed. Five years later, the patients underwent a second evaluation consisting of spirometry and D LCOsb measurement. After 5 years, forced vital capacity (FVC)% and D LCOsb% had...

Decreased left temporal lobe volume of panic patients measured by magnetic resonance imaging

Palavras-chave: Sarcoidosis; Exercise; Respiratory function tests; Respiratory mechanics.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012000300012

Uchida,R.R.; Del-Ben,C.M.; Santos,A.C.; Araújo,D.; Crippa,J.A.; Guimarães,F.S.; Graeff,F.G..

Reported neuroimaging studies have shown functional and morphological changes of temporal lobe structures in panic patients, but only one used a volumetric method. The aim of the present study was to determine the volume of temporal lobe structures in patients with panic disorder, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Eleven panic patients and eleven controls matched for age, sex, handedness, socioeconomic status and years of education participated in the study. The mean volume of the left temporal lobe of panic patients was 9% smaller than that of controls (t21 = 2.37, P = 0.028). In addition, there was a trend (P values between 0.05 and 0.10) to smaller volumes of the right temporal lobe (7%, t21 = 1.99, P = 0.06), right amygdala (8%, t21 = 1.83, P =...

Defense reaction induced by a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist microinjected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray of rats

Palavras-chave: Panic disorder; Temporal lobe; Magnetic resonance imaging; Volumetric analysis.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000700014

Molchanov,M.L.; Guimarães,F.S..

The behavioral effects of trans-(±)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD), a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist, or 0.9% (w/v) saline, injected into the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG), was investigated. Male Wistar rats showed defense reactions characterized by jumps toward the top edges of the cages (saline = 0 vs t-ACPD = 6.0, medians P<0.05) and gallops (saline = 0 vs t-ACPD = 10.0, medians P<0.05) during the 60-s period after the beginning of the injection. In another experiment animals were placed inside an open arena for 5 min immediately after injection. Their behavior was recorded by a video camera and a computer program analyzed the videotapes. Eleven of fifteen rats injected with t-ACPD showed a...

Effects of tryptophan depletion on anxiety induced by simulated public speaking

Palavras-chave: Periaqueductal gray; Metabotropic glutamate receptors; Defense behavior; T-ACPD; Open-field; Rats.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999001200013

Monteiro-dos-Santos,P.C.; Graeff,F.G.; dos-Santos,J.E.; Ribeiro,R.P.P.; Guimarães,F.S.; Zuardi,A.W..

Several lines of evidence point to the participation of serotonin (5HT) in anxiety. Its specific role, however, remains obscure. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of reducing 5HT-neurotransmission through an acute tryptophan depletion on anxiety induced by a simulated public speaking (SPS) test. Two groups of 14-15 subjects were submitted to a 24-h diet with a low or normal content of tryptophan and received an amino acid mixture without (TRY-) or with (TRY+) tryptophan under double-blind conditions. Five hours later they were submitted to the SPS test. The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and the visual analogue mood scale (VAMS) were used to measure subjective anxiety. Both scales showed that SPS induced a significant...

Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampal formation in affective disorders

Palavras-chave: Serotonin; Anxiety; Tryptophan depletion; Public speaking; Healthy volunteers; Gender differences.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000500013

Oliveira,R.M.W.; Guimarães,F.S.; Deakin,J.F.W..

Hippocampal output is increased in affective disorders and is mediated by increased glutamatergic input via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and moderated by antidepressant treatment. Activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate evokes the release of nitric oxide (NO) by the activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The human hippocampus contains a high density of NMDA receptors and nNOS-expressing neurons suggesting the existence of an NMDA-NO transduction pathway which can be involved in the pathogenesis of affective disorders. We tested the hypothesis that nNOS expression is increased in the human hippocampus from affectively ill patients. Immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate nNOS-expressing neurons in sections obtained from the...

Fine-tuning of defensive behaviors in the dorsal periaqueductal gray by atypical neurotransmitters

Palavras-chave: Affective disorders; Major depression; Neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Immunohistochemistry; Hippocampus.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008000400012

Fogaça,M.V.; Lisboa,S.F.; Aguiar,D.C.; Moreira,F.A.; Gomes,F.V.; Casarotto,P.C.; Guimarães,F.S..

This paper presents an up-to-date review of the evidence indicating that atypical neurotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO) and endocannabinoids (eCBs) play an important role in the regulation of aversive responses in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Among the results supporting this role, several studies have shown that inhibitors of neuronal NO synthase or cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor agonists cause clear anxiolytic responses when injected into this region. The nitrergic and eCB systems can regulate the activity of classical neurotransmitters such as glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that control PAG activity. We propose that they exert a ‘fine-tuning’ regulatory control of defensive responses in this area. This control, however, is...

Induction of Fos protein immunoreactivity by spinal cord contusion

Palavras-chave: Endocannabinoid; Anandamide; Nitric oxide; Endovanilloid; TRPV1.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012000400010

Del-Bel,E.A.; Borges,C.A.G.; Defino,H.L.A.; Guimarães,F.S..

The objective of the present study was to identify neurons in the central nervous system that respond to spinal contusion injury in the rat by monitoring the expression of the nuclear protein encoded by the c-fos gene, an activity-dependent gene, in spinal cord and brainstem regions. Rats were anesthetized with urethane and the injury was produced by dropping a 5-g weight from 20.0 cm onto the exposed dura at the T10-L1 vertebral level (contusion group). The spinal cord was exposed but not lesioned in anesthetized control animals (laminectomy group); intact animals were also subjected to anesthesia (intact control). Behavioral alterations were analyzed by Tarlov/Bohlman scores, 2 h after the procedures and the animals were then perfused for...

Nitrogen single-breath washout test for evaluating exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Palavras-chave: Fos immunohistochemistry; Intermediolateral column neurons; Reticular formation; Area postrema; Dorsal horn; Solitary tract nuclei; Laminectomy; Spinal cord injury.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000500006

Deus,C.A.L.; Vigário,P.S.; Guimarães,F.S.; Lopes,A.J..

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) traditionally used in clinical practice do not accurately predict exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to assess whether the nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW) test explains exercise intolerance and poor quality of life in stable COPD patients. This cross-sectional study included 31 patients with COPD subjected to PFTs (including the N2SBW test) and a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Patients were also evaluated using the following questionnaires: the COPD assessment test (CAT), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF36) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) was negatively correlated with the phase...

Pharmacology of human experimental anxiety

Palavras-chave: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Ventilatory efficiency; Pulmonary function tests; Cardiopulmonary exercise testing; Quality of life.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2018000400604

Graeff,F.G.; Parente,A.; Del-Ben,C.M.; Guimarães,F.S..

This review covers the effect of drugs affecting anxiety using four psychological procedures for inducing experimental anxiety applied to healthy volunteers and patients with anxiety disorders. The first is aversive conditioning of the skin conductance responses to tones. The second is simulated public speaking, which consists of speaking in front of a video camera, with anxiety being measured with psychometric scales. The third is the Stroop Color-Word test, in which words naming colors are painted in the same or in a different shade, the incongruence generating a cognitive conflict. The last test is a human version of a thoroughly studied animal model of anxiety, fear-potentiated startle, in which the eye-blink reflex to a loud noise is recorded. The...

Restraint-induced hypoactivity in an elevated plus-maze

Palavras-chave: Anxiety; Experimental anxiety; Humans; Anxiolytic drugs; Anxiety disorders.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000400003

Padovan,C.M.; Guimarães,F.S..

Rodents submitted to restraint stress show decreased activity in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) 24 h later. The objective of the present study was to determine if a certain amount of time is needed after stress for the development of these changes. We also wanted to verify if behavioral tolerance of repeated daily restraint would be detectable in this model. Male Wistar rats were restrained for 2 h and tested in the EPM 1, 2, 24 or 48 h later. Another group of animals was immobilized daily for 2 h for 7 days, being tested in the EPM 24 h after the last restraint period. Restraint induced a significant decrease in the percent of entries and time spent in the open arms, as well as a decrease in the number of enclosed arm entries. The significant effect in the...

Routine post-weaning handling of rats prevents isolation rearing-induced deficit in prepulse inhibition

Palavras-chave: Stress; Restraint; Elevated plus-maze; Behavioral changes; Tolerance.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000100011

Rosa,M.L.N.M.; Silva,R.C.B.; Moura-de-Carvalho,F.T.; Brandão,M.L.; Guimarães,F.S.; Del Bel,E.A..

Rats reared under isolation conditions from weaning present a number of behavioral changes compared to animals reared under social conditions (group housing). These changes include deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex to a loud sound. PPI refers to the reduction of the magnitude of the startle reflex when a relatively weak stimulus (the prepulse) precedes by an appropriate time interval the intense startle-elicing stimulus (the pulse). PPI is useful for studying sensorimotor integration. The present study evaluated the effect of handling on the impairment of PPI induced by isolation-rearing. Male Wistar rats (N = 11-15/group) were housed in groups (5 per cage and handled three times a week) or isolated (housed individually) since...

The brain decade in debate: II. Panic or anxiety? From animal models to a neurobiological basis

Palavras-chave: Stress; Rat; Schizophrenia; Social isolation; Prepulse inhibition; Locomotor activity.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005001100018

Andreatini,R.; Blanchard,C.; Blanchard,R.; Brandão,M.L.; Carobrez,A.P.; Griebel,G.; Guimarães,F.S.; Handley,S.L.; Jenck,F.; Leite,J.R.; Rodgers,J.; Schenberg,L.C.; Da Cunha,C.; Graeff,F.G..

This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium sponsored by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). Invited researchers from the European Union, North America and Brazil discussed two issues on anxiety, namely whether panic is a very intense anxiety or something else, and what aspects of clinical anxiety are reproduced by animal models. Concerning the first issue, most participants agreed that generalized anxiety and panic disorder are different on the basis of clinical manifestations, drug response and animal models. Also, underlying brain structures, neurotransmitter modulation and hormonal changes seem to involve important differences. It is also common knowledge that existing animal models generate different types of...

The brain decade in debate: III. Neurobiology of emotion

Palavras-chave: Panic; Anxiety; Fear; Anxiolytics; 5-HT; Benzodiazepines; Serotonin; Amygdala; Periaqueductal gray matter; Animal models.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000200001

Blanchard,C.; Blanchard,R.; Fellous,J.-M.; Guimarães,F.S.; Irwin,W.; LeDoux,J.E.; McGaugh,J.L.; Rosen,J.B.; Schenberg,L.C.; Volchan,E.; Da Cunha,C..

This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium in which active researchers were invited by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) to discuss the advances of the last decade in the neurobiology of emotion. Four basic questions were debated: 1) What are the most critical issues/questions in the neurobiology of emotion? 2) What do we know for certain about brain processes involved in emotion and what is controversial? 3) What kinds of research are needed to resolve these controversial issues? 4) What is the relationship between learning, memory and emotion? The focus was on the existence of different neural systems for different emotions and the nature of the neural coding for the emotional states. Is emotion the result of the...

The size and prevalence of the cavum septum pellucidum are normal in subjects with panic disorder

Palavras-chave: Emotion; Fear; Anxiety; Learning; Memory; Amygdala; Nucleus accumbens; Periaqueductal gray matter.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000300001

Crippa,J.A.S.; Uchida,R.; Busatto,G.F.; Guimarães,F.S.; Del-Ben,C.M.; Zuardi,A.W.; Santos,A.C.; Araújo,D.; McGuire,P.K.; Graeff,F.G..

Panic disorder is thought to involve dysfunction in the septohippocampal system, and the presence of a cavum septum pellucidum might indicate the aberrant development of this system. We compared the prevalence and size of cavum septum pellucidum in 21 patients with panic disorder and in 21 healthy controls by magnetic resonance imaging. The length of the cavum septum pellucidum was measured by counting the number of consecutive 1-mm coronal slices in which it appeared. A cavum septum pellucidum of >6 mm in length was rated as large. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients (16 of 21 or 76.2%) and controls (18 of 21 or 85.7%) with a cavum septum pellucidum (P = 0.35, Fisher's exact test, one-tailed), and no members of either...